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## ARA-290 is derived from EPO, preserving its healing effects without creating red blood cells. “Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis mediated by its binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), that is present also in non-erythroid tissues, including pancreatic islets. In addition to its hematopoietic action, EPO has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects in a wide variety of cell types by binding to the innate repair re
ARA-290
Repair and Recovery Research
"Tissue inflammation results from neurological injury, and regulation of the inflammatory response is vital for neurological recovery. The innate immune response system, which includes the Toll-like receptor (TLR) proinflammatory signaling pathway, regulates tissue injury... TB4-mediated oligodendrogenesis results from [up-regulating] miR-146a [causing the] **suppression [of] the TLR proinflammatory pathway** and modulation of t
Cardiac Function
Cellular Senesence
GH Releasers
“The results strongly suggest, that **PNC-27** (and by inference PNC-28) **is inserted in the plasma membrane of cancer cells upon binding to HDM2**, where, by random movement, the HDM2-PNC-27 complexes assemble into oligomers and eventually into membrane pores. Influx of free PNC-27 molecules through the newly formed membrane pores into the cells... **cytoplasm leads to the assembly of pores in mitochondrial membranes and rapid cell death.**” (5)
PNC-27
"Here, we found that a single application of Semax (50 μg/kg body weight) results in a maximal **1.4-fold increase of BDNF protein levels accompanying with 1.6-fold increase of trkB tyrosine phosporylation levels, and a 3-fold and a 2-fold increase of exon III BDNF and trkB mRNA levels, respectively, in the rat hippocampus.** Semax-treated animals showed a distinct increase in the number of conditioned avoidance reactions. We suggest that Semax affec
Cellular Energy (Mitochondrial Function)
Cognition
Neurogenesis
“Ang-II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and decreased cell survival, all of which were significantly suppressed by hexarelin (a growth hormone peptide) treatment which also enhanced autophagy in hypertrophic H9C2 cells.” " Hexarelin is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide that exerts cardioprotective effects. Regulation of autophagy is known to be cardioprotective so this study examined the role o
Cardiac Function
GH Releasers
Hexarelin
## Rejuvenation of Mitochondrial Function and Remodeling of Mitochondria. “Binding of SS-31 to the inner mitochondrial membrane induces curvatures and promote the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes to facilitate electron transfer. Enhanced forward electron transfer increases mitochondrial respiration, P/O coupling, and ATP synthesis, while decreasing electron leak and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).” (7)
Antioxidants
Cardiac Function
Cellular Energy (Mitochondrial Function)
## Senescent Cells (Zombie Cells) in the Lungs Constantly Secrete Inflammatory Cytokines, Worsening Diseases like COPD and Emphysema. **"Senescent cells increase the damage of neighboring cells by virtue of their SASP phenotype."** (1) "Inflammatory and structural cells (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts) together contribute to incite inflammation and cellular senescence by secreting pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases, and lipid regulators in the lungs. This phenomen
B7-33
Cellular Senesence
FOXO4-DRI
## Thymosin Beta 4 Increases Hair Growth by Activating Hair Follicle Stem Cells. " Thymosin β4, a ubiquitous 4.9‐kDa polypeptide originally isolated from bovine thymus, is a potent mediator of cell migration and differentiation. It was identified as a gene up‐ regulated four‐ to sixfold during early endothelial cell tube formation and found to promote angiogenesis. It is present in wound fluid, and when added topically or given syste
Hair Follicle Growth
Repair and Recovery Research
Stem Cell Research
Vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates intestinal barrier disruption associated with Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis (6): “Attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens attach to the apical surface of epithelial cells and disrupt epithelial barrier function, increasing permeability and allowing luminal contents access to the underlying milieu. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) re
Repair and Recovery Research
vip
## Sermorelin Cost Because of low Sermorelin prices, the synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue has long been favored in research investigating the effects of enhanced human growth hormone (HGH) levels. It is also increasingly used in the clinical setting as alternative to HGH in the diagnosis and treatment of HGH deficiency. Sermorelin acetate costs, however, are not the only thing that make the peptide of interest to researchers
GH Releasers
Sermorelin Acetate
**Sermorelin vs Ipamorelin: Structure and Route of Administration** Sermorelin is made up of the first 29 amino acids from the much larger, naturally occurring GHRH peptide. It is the smallest fraction of GHRH than retains all of the properties of the parent molecule. Weighing in at 3357.9 g/mol, Sermorelin is a relatively large, heavy peptide that must be injected sub-cutaneous to be absorbed. It is not orally bioavailable. As a result of its la
GH Releasers
Ipamorelin
Sermorelin Acetate
**Ipamorelin Cost: What to Know in 2024** Ipamorelin, the short, synthetic agonist of the growth hormone secretaogue (GHS) receptor, is one of the most selective growth hormone (GH) increasing peptides available for research. Given ipamorelin prices, it is also one of the least expensive. Ipamorelin prices top out at less than $100 dollars in most cases for a 5 mg vial, making it among the most affordable GHS agonists and a favorite for researche
GH Releasers
Ipamorelin