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[Adipotide](http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120711/Arrowhead-initiates-Adipotide-Phase-1-trial-in-obesity.aspx "adipotide") is a peptidomimetic compound that has been shown to possess pro-apoptotic properties that do cause weight loss in rhesus monkeys and mice. Its sequence is CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2. Studies have shown that its mode of action involves the selective apoptosis of blood vessels supplying the white adipose tissue. [Adipotide](
Adipotide
TB-500 also known as Thymosin Beta 4 is a naturally occurring peptide. It is found in high concentrations in blood platelets, wound fluid and other tissues in the body. TB-500 is not a growth factor; rather, it is a major actin regulating peptide. TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4) has been found to play an important role in protection, regeneration and remodeling of injured or damaged tissues. The gene for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4) has also bee
Cardiac Function
Repair and Recovery Research
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic lactam analog of naturally occurring α-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) developed by the University of Arizona and is known to have skin darkening effects as a result of increased production of skin darkening pigments. In clinical trials, Melanotan II has also been found to have aphrodisiac effects.
Melanotan II
Epithalon, also known as Epitalon is a synthetic peptide analog of epithalamin, a protein found in the pineal gland of mammals and of interest for its anti-aging properties. Past research studies have demonstrated that epithalamin can increase maximum life span in animals, decrease levels of free radicals, and alter catalase activity to prevent tissue damage [1]. Epithalamin has been shown to decrease mortality by 52% in f
Epithalon (Epitalon)
Telomere Research
"Uncontrolled development of the initial [cytokine storm] stage inevitably leads to immune imbalance, which increases the probability of secondary infections, such as pneumonia, and activation of latent herpes virus (including cytomegalovirus) infections." (2) "Over the last decade, preclinical and clinical studies have definitively shown that sepsis leads not only to hyperinflammation, **but also impaired immunity**, including dysfunction of the adaptive immune system. **Certain investigat
Immune Function
Thymalin
“A significant increase in viral replication efficiency was detected by replicative senescence during IFV and VZV infection. ... As one of possible mechanisms for the increase in viral replication in senescent cells, a reduction in interferon (IFN) response after viral infection may account for it.” (2) **The concentration of this DNA virus in senescent cells is 300% more infected than non-senescent cells.**
Cellular Senesence
FOXO4-DRI
Immune Function
“Importantly, **Ta1 acts without overstimulation of cytokine production** and is generally well tolerated; it has an excellent safety profile and does not appear to induce the side effects and toxicities commonly associated with agents in this class such as interferon alpha and interleukin-2.” (1) “Clinical trials using Ta1 in the treatment of patients with immunodeficiency or cancer indicate that this agent is nontoxic, enhances immune
Immune Function
Thymosin Alpha-1
"Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 antagonizes the incidence of a series of gastrointestinal lesions, it has a positive impact on the healing processes of various wounds, a proven angiogenic effect, protective effect on endothelium and it modulates synthesis of NO." (1) "Apart from the effects on various gastrointestinal lesions, the potentially beneficial effect on **pancreas, liver injuries, endothelium and heart damage, i.e. dysrhythmias following reox
BPC-157
Repair and Recovery Research
LL-37 inhibits cathepsin L at a concentration of 150 nM. (15) Cathepsin L primes (helps activate) the SARS-CoV RNA virus when it is entering the cell. (16)
LL-37
## TREK1 Inhibition Reduces Heart Fibrosis but Worsens Heart Enlargement (Hypertrophy) by Increasing Calcineurin/NFAT. In response to pathological pressure overload stress, TREK-1–KO mice develop increased concentric hypertrophy and changes in fetal gene expression, but show preserved systolic and diastolic cardiac function.
Cardiac Function
Cellular Energy (Mitochondrial Function)
Cognition
“The results strongly suggest, that **PNC-27** (and by inference PNC-28) **is inserted in the plasma membrane of cancer cells upon binding to HDM2**, where, by random movement, the HDM2-PNC-27 complexes assemble into oligomers and eventually into membrane pores. Influx of free PNC-27 molecules through the newly formed membrane pores into the cells... **cytoplasm leads to the assembly of pores in mitochondrial membranes and rapid cell death.**” (5)
PNC-27
"Here, we found that a single application of Semax (50 μg/kg body weight) results in a maximal **1.4-fold increase of BDNF protein levels accompanying with 1.6-fold increase of trkB tyrosine phosporylation levels, and a 3-fold and a 2-fold increase of exon III BDNF and trkB mRNA levels, respectively, in the rat hippocampus.** Semax-treated animals showed a distinct increase in the number of conditioned avoidance reactions. We suggest that Semax affec
Cellular Energy (Mitochondrial Function)
Cognition
Neurogenesis