Easy-to-read articles on peptide research, dosing, mixing, and the science behind it all.
Showing 12 of 172 articles (Page 5 of 15)
## What is Thymosin Alpha-1? Thymosin alpha-1 is peptide containing 28 amino acid residues that are N-terminally acetylated and proteolytically processed from prothymosin alpha. Thymosin alpha-1 was isolated by Goldstein and coworkers from thymosin fraction 5, a mixture of peptides from calf thymus in the 1970s. It is used to improve immune responses in times of need.
## Kisspeptin Rebuilds Bones by Activating Osteoblasts, Turning Stem Cells into Bones. “ Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) stimulates osteoblast differentiation through GPR54-mediated regulation of BMP2 expression and activation... Osteoblast differentiation is controlled by a range of hormones and cytokines, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs), and multiple transcription factors, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphat
How Does MOTS-c Affect Performance? It is widely accepted that regular physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Frequent exercise is robustly associated with a decrease in cardiovascular mortality as well as the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physically active individuals have lower blood pressure, higher insulin sensitivity, and a more favorable plasma lipoprotein profile. Animal models of exercise show that repea
BPC 157 is a peptide that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelial-protective effects in different organ systems in different species. BPC 157 activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with nitric oxide (NO) release, tissue repair and angio-modulatory properties which can lead to improved vascular integrity and immune response, reduced proinflammatory profile, and reduced critical levels of the disea
## What Are Peptides? Peptides and proteins are both made up of amino acids that are linked together (by peptide bonds, hence the name) in long chains called polymers. The only thing that separates peptides from proteins is how big they are. While there is no absolute cutoff, peptides are made up of fewer amino acids than proteins and hence are much smaller. In general, any amino acid chain that is longer than fifty residues in length is referred to as a protein. This is because after growing b
The last twenty years of scientific research have shown that peptides have remarkable healing properties. Peptides have been shown to improve heart function, slow the aging process, thwart neurological disease, enhance wound healing, increase bone density, reduce inflammation, help with cartilage repair, and more. From physical injury to free radical damage to the typical metabolic changes that occur with age, peptides are rapidly becoming recognized as key to improving well-being and fighting o
## What is IGF-1? Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), also known as Somatomedin-C, is a polypeptide growth factor that is a member of the insulin family of peptides. IGF-1 includes 70 amino acids with a molecular weight of 7649 Daltons. Similar to insulin, which has 51 amino acids, IGF-1 has an A and B chain connected by 3 disulfide bonds in a single chain. The main source of IGF-1 for adults is the liver. The Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
Tesamorelin is a growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue approved by the FDA for use in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Because it increases growth hormone (GH) levels, tesamorelin can increase lean body mass, improve bone strength, burn fat, and even enhance immune function. It is the fat burning properties of tesamorelin, however, that are of greatest interest in the clinical setting. Tesamorelin is also known for its abil
## What is Tesofensine? Tesofensine (TE) inhibits the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter’s noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. Other types of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used to treat depression and eating disorders, but they have generally failed to produce sustained weight loss. Sibutramine, in addition to its effect on serotonin, also inhibits the reuptake of other monoamines and has been shown to
## What Causes Senescent Cells? Senescent cell accumulation can occur due to a variety of factors such as various age-related chronic diseases, oxidative stress, hormonal milieu, developmental factors, chronic infection (eg, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), certain medications (chemotherapy or certain HIV protease inhibitors), and radiation exposure. There are different types of cellular senescence that have been identified, including oncogene-induced senescence, stress-induced