" Clearance of damaged tissue can facilitate renal repair and promote immune tolerance. Therefore, the augmentation of phagocytosis of macrophages is likely to be one of the mechanisms for the renoprotective effect of EPO as well. Such hypothesis does not contradict with our study, in which we focused the functional switch of macrophages." "Commonly defined by _in vitro_ experiments, macrophage activation can be distinguished for two major subtypes: classically activated M1 macrophages ar
How does ARA-290 repair nerves and protect against neuroinflammation?
## ARA-290 is derived from EPO, preserving its healing effects without creating red blood cells. “Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis mediated by its binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), that is present also in non-erythroid tissues, including pancreatic islets. In addition to its hematopoietic action, EPO has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects in a wide variety of cell types by binding to the innate repair re
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