Neurogenesis 52 min read January 27, 2026

Dihexa: A Peptide Modulator of Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Regeneration

Dihexa is a hexapeptide derivative engineered to enhance synaptic connectivity and cognitive processes by activating the HGF/c-Met pathway, showing promise in neuroplasticity research.

Dihexa: A Peptide Modulator of Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Regeneration

Simplified Summary

Dihexa is a small, lab-designed protein fragment (peptide) created for scientific research into brain repair, learning, and memory. In simple terms, Dihexa acts like a molecular “boost” for neural connections. It’s synthetic, meaning it isn’t found naturally in the body – instead, scientists engineered it based on a short hormone fragment (angiotensin IV) to better penetrate the brain and last longer. Early laboratory studies in cells and animals suggest Dihexa can enhance synaptic plasticity, which is the brain’s ability to form and reorganize connections between neurons. For example, experiments indicate Dihexa might increase the number of synapses (the communication links between brain cells) and encourage the growth of new neuronal branches, potentially by turning up certain growth signals in the brain. It appears to influence neurotrophic pathways – in particular, it partners with a natural brain growth factor called HGF to activate the c-Met receptor, a pathway involved in cell growth and survival. By doing so, Dihexa has shown effects like improved learning in memory-impaired rats and more robust neural networks in tissue studies. Importantly, all these findings come from preclinical research (laboratory and animal studies) only. Dihexa is strictly an experimental compound not approved or intended for human use. Scientists study it to understand how tiny peptides can potentially rebuild neural connections and support brain regeneration, helping us learn how the brain might maintain cognitive resilience.

Introduction

Peptide bioregulators and synthetic neuroactive peptides are a growing frontier in biomedicine. These are very short chains of amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) that can send biological signals to cells. Natural peptide bioregulators (like those from the thymus or pineal gland) have been studied for their ability to modulate organ function and gene activity in specific tissues. Dihexa represents a new twist on this concept: it is a hexapeptide derivative of a brain hormone fragment, deliberately engineered by scientists to probe mechanisms of neuroplasticity and brain repair. First identified by researchers at Washington State University, Dihexa originated from efforts to improve on angiotensin IV, a naturally occurring peptide hormone fragment that had hinted at cognitive effects. By modifying Ang IV’s structure to be more brain-accessible and long-lasting, scientists created Dihexa as a tool to enhance synaptic connectivity and cognitive processes in preclinical models. In other words, Dihexa is designed to mimic and amplify the brain’s own growth signals, providing a window into how boosting certain pathways might improve learning and memory.

The rationale behind developing small peptide analogs like Dihexa comes from a desire to study neuroplasticity and neuronal repair at the molecular level. Traditional neurological drugs often target neurotransmitters or symptoms, but peptides like Dihexa work upstream, nudging the cell’s own growth and survival programs. By creating an analog of a natural signaling molecule (Ang IV), researchers aimed to trigger pathways involved in memory formation, synapse development, and neuron regeneration more powerfully than the original hormone fragment could. Dihexa specifically was designed to engage the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met system – a pathway known for its role in cell growth and healing – to see how activating this system affects brain cells. It is important to note that Dihexa remains only a research compound: all investigations so far have been limited to cell cultures and animal models. Scientists utilize Dihexa in the laboratory to explore HGF/c-Met pathway modulation and to deepen our understanding of neuronal communication, synaptic plasticity, and the brain’s capacity for self-repair.

Molecular Origin & Structural Characteristics

Dihexa’s chemical identity is that of a modified hexapeptide derived from angiotensin IV. In chemical terms, it is often described as N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6)HomoPhe-His-Leu (with the full name being N-(1-oxohexyl)-Tyrosyl-(6-aminohexanoic)-Isoleucinamide). This jargon means that the peptide’s backbone is based on a short chain of six amino acids, but with strategic modifications: a fatty acid chain (hexanoic acid) is attached to one end, and one of the amino acids is a special variant (homophenylalanine) not found in the original hormone sequence. These tweaks were intentional – by adding the hexanoyl group and using an amino acid analog, the molecule became more lipophilic (fat-loving) and less prone to degradation by enzymes. The result is a peptide that can survive longer in the bloodstream and cross the blood–brain barrier more effectively than Ang IV itself, which is rapidly broken down and normally doesn’t enter the brain well. Dihexa’s small size (molecular weight on the order of only a few hundred daltons, ~500 Da) and these lipophilic modifications allow it to slip through biological membranes and reach brain tissue in animal studies.

One of the most notable structural features of Dihexa is its ability to bind with high affinity to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF is a large protein growth factor, and its receptor is a protein on cell surfaces called c-Met. Normally, HGF fits into c-Met to activate a cascade of signals that promote cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Dihexa, despite being tiny compared to HGF, can attach to HGF in a way that “supercharges” its activity at the c-Met receptor. In essence, Dihexa acts like a molecular key that turns the lock of the c-Met receptor more efficiently. Structurally, by binding to HGF, Dihexa helps HGF form an active complex that triggers c-Met. This is remarkable – it means an engineered mini-peptide can hijack a major cell-growth pathway. The design of Dihexa took inspiration from naturally occurring peptides (like Pinealon or Testagen, which are tissue-derived regulators), yet Dihexa is fully synthetic and purpose-built. It’s an example of rational drug design merging with peptide biology: researchers identified a beneficial natural pathway (HGF/c-Met for neural growth) and crafted a peptide analog to mimic and enhance that pathway beyond what the body’s normal peptides do.

Physicochemically, Dihexa highlights the advantages of small peptides in therapeutics research. It has a low molecular weight and a structure stabilized against peptidases (the enzymes that typically digest peptides). Studies found that Dihexa is remarkably stable in the body of test animals, with a half-life on the order of days, not minutes. Its lipophilicity means it can travel through the normally restrictive blood–brain barrier, delivering its effects directly to the central nervous system. Unlike large protein growth factors, which might be too big or fragile to use in the brain, Dihexa’s compact form factor allows it to act as a surrogate neurotrophic signal. In summary, Dihexa’s molecular design bridges neurotrophic biology and synthetic chemistry: it is essentially a miniaturized, brain-penetrant growth factor mimetic. This exemplifies a new generation of peptides engineered to carry specific bioactivities - in Dihexa’s case, the ability to engage neural repair and connectivity pathways with precision.

Mechanistic Insights & Cellular Targets

How does Dihexa exert its effects on brain cells? Researchers have broken down its mechanism of action into several key themes:

HGF/c-Met Pathway Activation: The cornerstone of Dihexa’s activity is its role as an HGF mimetic. Dihexa binds to hepatocyte growth factor and forms a complex that powerfully activates the c-Met receptor on cells. The c-Met pathway is normally involved in developmental growth and wound healing; in the brain, activating c-Met triggers signals that help neurons survive, grow new processes, and connect with each other. Preclinical studies show that Dihexa’s effects are dependent on this pathway: when c-Met is blocked or HGF is inhibited, Dihexa loses its procognitive benefits. By effectively turning on c-Met, Dihexa initiates a cascade (including PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways) that promotes cell survival and growth. One result of this upstream activation is enhanced synaptogenesis – Dihexa, much like HGF itself, encourages neurons to form new synapses (connections) and dendritic spines (small protrusions where synapses form). This mechanism is distinct from typical neurotransmitter-based drugs; Dihexa isn’t simply boosting communication at existing synapses, it’s triggering the cell’s internal growth programs. Think of it as flipping a master switch that tells neurons to enter a pro-connectivity, pro-survival state.

Synaptic Plasticity and Neurogenesis: Downstream of c-Met activation, Dihexa appears to bolster the fundamental processes of synaptic plasticity (the strengthening or creation of synapses) and potentially neurogenesis (the formation of new neurons) in certain brain regions. In lab experiments with brain slices and neuronal cultures, Dihexa treatment led to marked increases in long-term potentiation (LTP) – a cellular model of learning where synaptic connections become stronger. Additionally, researchers observed an increase in dendritic spine density on neurons exposed to Dihexa. Dendritic spines are tiny structures that house synapses; more spines generally indicate a greater capacity for connections and information storage. Not only did Dihexa create more spines, but the spines were larger and more mature (having wider “heads”), suggesting that the synapses were strong and functional. Supporting this, levels of key synaptic proteins were elevated – for instance, markers like PSD-95 and synapsin-1 (which are essential components of synapses) were present in the new connections, indicating they were proper, working synapses. In live animal studies, these cellular changes translated into better performance on memory tasks. Rodents treated with Dihexa showed improved learning and memory in mazes and object recognition tests, correlating with increased synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus (a brain region critical for memory). Molecular profiling from these models also hinted that Dihexa influences genes linked to plasticity: for example, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (a gene that supports neuron growth) and CREB (a protein that helps turn on memory-related genes) were modulated in response to Dihexa’s activation of growth pathways. An immediate-early gene called Arc, which is associated with LTP and memory consolidation, was also upregulated in some studies, reflecting heightened synaptic activity. All these changes paint a picture of Dihexa as a catalyst for a more connected and adaptable neural network, at least in the controlled settings of preclinical experiments.

Cellular Protection and Mitochondrial Support: Beyond building new connections, Dihexa exhibits a profile of being neuroprotective. Neurons under stress (such as oxidative stress, toxin exposure, or metabolic impairment) benefit from the signals Dihexa initiates. In cell culture studies, neurons treated with Dihexa better survived challenges like excessive oxidative molecules or excitotoxic glutamate exposure, compared to untreated cells. One reason is that Dihexa, through c-Met activation, turns on pro-survival signaling cascades – notably the PI3K/Akt pathway and the ERK1/2 (MAPK) pathway, both of which are known to increase cell survival and bolster metabolism. As a result, Dihexa-treated cells maintain a healthier mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production level (indicators that the cell’s “power plants,” the mitochondria, are functioning and intact). Concurrently, Dihexa seems to dial down the cellular pathways leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death). Researchers have noted reductions in caspase-3 activation (a key enzyme that executes cell death) and other apoptotic markers when Dihexa is present. In simpler terms, Dihexa sends a “stay alive and repair” signal to neurons: it not only helps them form new connections but also shields them from damage and energy loss. Some experiments even suggest that Dihexa can enhance the production of antioxidant defenses in neurons, meaning it might help neutralize harmful free radicals. Because of these protective effects, scientists have dubbed Dihexa a potential “neurorestorative signal amplifier” – it amplifies the brain’s own protective and restorative signals, preserving cells and their function in adverse conditions.

Preclinical Research Landscape

Extensive in vitro (cellular) and in vivo (animal) studies have been conducted to map out Dihexa’s effects. Below is an overview of what researchers have observed in the lab: In Vitro Studies In laboratory cell cultures, Dihexa has demonstrated a range of effects on neurons and supporting brain cells:

In laboratory cell cultures, Dihexa has demonstrated a range of effects on neurons and supporting brain cells:

Neurite Outgrowth and Synaptic Marker Expression: When Dihexa is added to cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, the cells respond by growing more neurites – the extensions of neurons that develop into axons and dendrites. One study noted nearly a three-fold increase in dendritic spines (small protrusions where synapses form) on neurons treated with Dihexa compared to controls. These new spines weren’t empty stubs; they contained normal synaptic proteins, including the presynaptic protein synapsin-1 and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, indicating that real synapses were forming. The functional maturity of these synapses was confirmed by electrophysiological recordings showing increased AMPA receptor activity (a sign of active synaptic transmission) in Dihexa-treated neurons. This suggests Dihexa doesn’t just create cellular structures, it helps build working neural circuits in a dish.

Increased Cell Survival Under Stress: Dihexa-treated neuronal cultures show greater resilience when exposed to various stressors. For example, in models of oxidative stress (which generates harmful reactive oxygen species) or excitotoxic stress (excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters), neurons pretreated with Dihexa have higher survival rates than untreated neurons. The peptide seems to pre-activate the cells’ defense mechanisms: Dihexa can elevate levels of antioxidant enzymes and protective proteins in cells, preparing them to withstand damage. Moreover, measurements of mitochondrial health (such as the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential) remain more stable in stressed neurons that received Dihexa. These findings align with the mechanistic insight that Dihexa triggers pro-survival signaling (Akt/ERK pathways), thereby guarding cells against injury.

Activation of Growth Factor Signaling Cascades: On a molecular level, in vitro experiments confirm that Dihexa engages the HGF/c-Met pathway inside cells. When Dihexa is present (especially if a small amount of HGF is also present), researchers detect phosphorylation of c-Met – an activation mark on the receptor – along with downstream signaling events like Akt phosphorylation. If cells are treated with an HGF inhibitor or a c-Met blocker, those phosphorylation events – and Dihexa’s beneficial effects – are greatly reduced. This cause-and-effect relationship solidifies that Dihexa’s cellular actions are c-Met dependent. Additionally, gene expression assays in cultured neurons show that Dihexa can upregulate neurotrophic genes (such as _BDNF_) and immediate early genes linked to synaptic activity ( _Arc_), consistent with the idea that it’s turning on a pro-plasticity genetic program.

Dose-Dependent Responses without Hormonal Effects: Researchers have explored a range of Dihexa concentrations in vitro and found that its effects are dose-dependent within a physiological range – too low and there’s minimal impact, too high and the effects plateau or even diminish (a common “bell curve” response for growth factors). Importantly, Dihexa does not act like a hormone or traditional drug at the cellular level; it doesn’t indiscriminately stimulate activity. Instead, its impact is more modulatory: in healthy, unstressed neurons, adding Dihexa doesn’t make them hyperactive or cause abnormal firing. But in challenged or suboptimally functioning neurons, Dihexa provides a noticeable boost, restoring activity toward a normal baseline. This nuanced action – enhancing what’s needed without over-driving – is characteristic of many bioregulatory peptides. It underscores that Dihexa’s role in vitro is as a gene and growth modulator rather than a direct neurotransmitter agonist.

Animal Studies

Preclinical in vivo studies (primarily in rodents) have been pivotal in evaluating Dihexa’s effects on complex brain functions and injury models:

Cognitive Impairment Models: In a hallmark study, Dihexa was tested in rats that had chemically induced cognitive deficits. These rats were given scopolamine, a compound that impairs learning and memory (mimicking certain Alzheimer’s-like cognitive symptoms). Dihexa treatment dramatically improved the rats’ performance in maze tests. Specifically, scopolamine-treated rats that received Dihexa were able to learn the location of a hidden platform in a water maze much faster than scopolamine-damaged rats without Dihexa. In fact, at optimal doses, the Dihexa-treated impaired rats performed almost as well as normal, healthy rats on this task. This indicates that Dihexa effectively reversed learning deficits in that model. Notably, when the same experiment was done in aged rats (natural cognitive decline model), orally delivered Dihexa also led to improvements in memory performance – though the effect was more modest due to variability in how much baseline impairment each old rat had. These results suggest that Dihexa can enhance cognitive function particularly when there is an underlying deficit, aligning with its role as a restorative agent.

Neurodegenerative Disease Context: Although no human trials have been conducted, researchers have explored Dihexa in animal models relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. In rodent models mimicking aspects of Alzheimer’s disease, such as transgenic mice that accumulate amyloid beta or have memory impairments, Dihexa treatment led to improvements in memory tests and synaptic density. For instance, treated animals showed greater recognition of novel objects and improved spatial memory compared to untreated diseased mice, alongside biochemical signs of increased synaptic protein levels in the brain. These promising findings hint that Dihexa’s synaptogenic effects could counteract the synapse loss central to neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, because Dihexa activates cell survival pathways, scientists have hypothesized it might protect neurons from degenerative processes – an idea supported by observations like reduced markers of inflammation and cell stress in Dihexa-treated AD-model mice.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Neural Repair: An exciting area of ongoing research is whether Dihexa can aid recovery from brain injuries. Early preclinical experiments in models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke are examining Dihexa’s ability to spur regrowth of damaged neural circuits. Initial results are encouraging rodents with induced brain injuries that received Dihexa have shown better motor function recovery and cognitive outcomes than those without, suggesting the peptide helped the brain reorganize and heal. In these models, scientists observed signs of axonal sprouting (growth of new nerve fibers) and synaptic reconstruction in regions surrounding the injury. Dihexa’s activation of HGF/c-Met is a plausible mechanism here, as the HGF pathway is known to be involved in tissue repair and regeneration. By amplifying this pathway, Dihexa might create a more permissive environment for the brain to rewire after injury. It’s worth noting that this research is still in early stages – these studies aim to understand biological potential, not to declare a therapy. But they illustrate how Dihexa is being used as a tool to ask, _“Can we improve the brain’s self-repair mechanisms after damage?”_.

Systems and Behavioral Outcomes: Across animal studies, Dihexa’s systemic effects appear consistent with its cellular actions. Treated animals often display not just improved test scores in mazes or memory challenges, but also underlying neural changes. Post-mortem analyses of rodent brains have revealed higher synapse counts and increased expression of neurotrophic factors in Dihexa groups. For example, the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus was greater in Dihexa-treated rats, aligning with behavioral improvements. Importantly, these studies have also monitored safety signals: short-term dosing in animals did not produce obvious toxicity or organ damage, and notably, even though c-Met is an oncogene (a cancer-related gene), activating it with Dihexa did _not_ show signs of inducing tumors in these short-term studies. Still, caution is the rule – researchers stress that positive results in rodents are no guarantee of success in humans, and much more work is needed to understand long-term effects. As of now, Dihexa’s preclinical profile is that of a potent cognitive enhancer and neural regenerator _in the lab_, giving scientists a powerful probe to study brain plasticity.

Conclusion

Dihexa stands out as an experimental peptide that illuminates how small molecules can profoundly influence brain biology. Through its unique action of modulating the HGF/c-Met growth factor system, Dihexa has demonstrated the ability to promote neuronal growth, strengthen synaptic connections, and support cell survival – all pivotal elements of brain plasticity and repair. Importantly, everything known about Dihexa so far comes from preclinical research: cell cultures and animal studies have been the exclusive arena for these discoveries. Dihexa is not approved for clinical use and remains a research tool.

Nonetheless, what scientists have learned from Dihexa carries significant implications. It represents a “model molecule” for understanding how we might awaken the brain’s latent regenerative capacities. The fact that a peptide so small can engage deep biological circuits of growth and regeneration is encouraging – it suggests that, in principle, neural circuits can be rebuilt or preserved by precisely targeted signals.

In summary, Dihexa has opened a new window into the interplay between peptide chemistry and neural resilience. It bridges gaps between disciplines: tying together insights from molecular pharmacology, neuroscience, and even epigenetics. By studying Dihexa, researchers are gaining clues about how the brain’s connectivity and cognitive functions might be maintained or restored through biochemical means. Looking forward, the ongoing research on Dihexa and its analogs will continue to shed light on the boundaries of neuroplasticity. Each experiment with this peptide refines our understanding of how neurons can recover and how memory and learning processes might be bolstered at the molecular level. While much remains to be explored – and caution is warranted before any translation beyond the lab – Dihexa’s story so far is a compelling illustration of science’s progress toward harnessing the brain’s own regenerative language. It underlines a hopeful vision: that one day, knowledge gained from molecules like Dihexa could inform new strategies to combat neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and brain injuries, helping to keep our neural connections strong throughout life.

References:

[McCoy A.T. et al. (2013). Evaluation of Metabolically Stabilized Angiotensin IV Analogs as Procognitive/Antidementia Agents. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 344(1), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.199497](https://www.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.199497 "Evaluation of metabolically stabilized angiotensin IV analogs as procognitive/antidementia agents")

[Wright J.W. (2015). The Development of Small Molecule Angiotensin IV Analogs to Treat Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Progress in Neurobiology, 125, 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.004 "The development of small molecule angiotensin IV analogs to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases")

[Wright J.W. (2015). The Brain Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Receptor System: A New Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 42(3), 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-142814](https://www.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-142814 "The Brain Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Receptor System: A New Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease")

[Sun X. (2021). AngIV-Analog Dihexa Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Recovers Memory in the APP/PS1 Mouse via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111487](https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111487 "AngIV-Analog Dihexa Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Recovers Memory in the APP/PS1 Mouse via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway")

[Ho J.K. (2018). Cognitive Benefits of Angiotensin IV and Angiotensin-(1–7): A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.005 "Cognitive benefits of angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1–7): A systematic review of experimental studies")

Product available for research use only:

Posted in: Neurogenesis Cognition

Be the first to know

Receive all the latest information on events, sales, & offers.

Terms and Conditions of Purchase

Your Use of Our Web Site

Unless specified otherwise, your use of this Web Site is governed by this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the Privacy Policy, which is incorporated herein by this reference. In using this Web Site, you are prohibited from modifying, distributing, transmitting, reproducing, publishing, licensing, transferring, or selling any information, products or services obtained or viewed on this Web Site. However, you may display, download, or print hard copies of any material contained on this Web Site for your own personal, non-commercial use as long as you do not modify the content or delete any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notice. Any other use of the information contained on this Web Site is prohibited without our express written consent.

All ACH/e-Check payments will be made payable to:

P-Sciences, Inc.

Each time I (the customer) places an ACH/e-Check order by clicking the "Place Order" button, I am authorizing to initiate a single ACH/electronic debit to my account in the amount of my order from the bank account information provided on the date of my order. I agree that ACH transactions I authorize comply with all applicable law. Payments made after 11 P.M. pacific time will be applied as of the next business day. To complete the payment process, click the “Place Order” button. Once payment is authorized, there cannot be any changes or corrections. It is recommended that you print a copy of this authorization and maintain it for your records.

Use of Information

This Web site provides information that, while useful, must not be used as a substitute for the advice of your own advisors. Information available from this Web Site is not intended to be used to diagnose any medical condition or disease. Products on this website are sold for laboratory research purposes only.

reserves the right to correct any inaccuracies or typographical errors in the information posted on this Web Site, and shall have no liability for such errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice and prices and availability of goods and services are subject to change without notice.

DISCLAIMER:

YOU MUST BE OVER 21 YEARS OLD TO USE THIS WEBSITE.

The products we offer are intended for IN-VITRO LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE.

In purchasing any of these items, the customer acknowledges that there are risks involved with consumption or distribution of these products.

These chemicals are NOT intended to use as food additives, drugs, household chemicals or other inappropriate applications.

The listing of a material on this site does not constitute a license to its use in infringement of any patent.

All of the products will be handled only by qualified and properly trained RESEARCH or LABORATORY professionals only.

Due to the nature of these products ALL SALES ARE FINAL. WE CANNOT ACCEPT RETURNS. ALL SALES ARE FINAL.

All customers represent and warrant that through their own review and study that they are fully aware and knowledgeable about the following:

Use of the products and more specifically In-vitro Research use of the products.

Your specific countries Government regulations regarding the use of and exposure to all products.

The health and safety hazards associated with the handling of the products they purchase.

The necessity of adequately warning of the health and safety hazards associated with any products.

reserves the right to limit and/or deny sales of products to any unqualified individuals. All customers MUST be at least 21 years of age to purchase our products. IN NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER PURCHASER'S CLAIM IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE. IN DIRECT CONSIDERATION OF APPROVING THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT TO THE PURCHASER, THE PURCHASER AGREES TO INDEMNIFY AND HOLD US HARMLESS FROM ALL CLAIMS, EXPENSES, LOSSES AND LIABILITY OF ANY TYPE ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASER'S HANDLING, POSSESSION, AND/OR USE OF THE PRODUCT, WHETHER USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY SUBSTANCE. ANY SALE WOULD BE DENIED OTHERWISE.

PRODUCT USE:

products are intended for laboratory IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE and are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to food and/or drugs, medical devices, vitro diagnostic purpose, or for commercial purposes. The purchaser agrees that the products have not been sterilized or tested by for safety and efficacy in food, drug, medical device, cosmetic, commercial or any other use. The purchaser expressly represents and warrants to that the purchaser will properly test, use, manufacture and market any products purchased from and/or materials produced with products purchased from in accordance with the practices of a reliable person who is experienced in the field and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, now and hereinafter enacted. The purchaser further warrants that any material produced with any product shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and shall not be materials which may not, under Sections 404, 505, or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce.

The purchaser realizes that, since products are, unless otherwise stated, intended solely for in-vitro research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory listing. The purchaser assumes responsibility to assure that the products purchased from are approved for use under TSCA, if applicable.

Purchaser has the responsibility to verify the hazards and to conduct any further research necessary to learn the hazards involved in using products purchased from Purchaser agrees to comply with instructions, if any, furnished by relating to the use of the products and not misuse the products in any manner. No products purchased from shall, unless otherwise stated, be considered to be foods, drugs, or medical devices.

ALL products and services offered are for IN-VITRO RESEARCH purposes ONLY and are NOT TO BE INGESTED or CONSUMED IN ANY MANNER.

ALL PRODUCTS SOLD BY THE ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR PERSONAL USE OR FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANY MEDICAL CONDITION OR DISEASE.

Under NO circumstances shall/ should ANY of these materials be used for recreational purposes nor human consumption of any kind.

is NOT liable for ANY damages that may be caused by negligence, abuse, or ANY other unforeseen matter.

All items sold are legal for sale for IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES SPECIFICALLY within the USA.

Trade-Marks and Other Intellectual Property Rights

"" is a registered trademark of

All text, graphics, user interfaces, visual interfaces, photographs, trademarks, logos, sounds, music, artwork and computer code (collectively, "Content"), including but not limited to the design, structure, selection, coordination, expression, "look and feel" and arrangement of such Content, contained on this Web Site is owned, controlled or licensed by or to and is protected by copyright, patent and trademark laws, and various other intellectual property rights and unfair competition laws.

Except as expressly provided in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, no part of this Web Site and no Content may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, publicly displayed, encoded, translated, transmitted or distributed in any way (including "mirroring") to any other computer, server, web site or other medium for publication or distribution or for any commercial enterprise, without express prior written consent.

Indemnity

You hereby agree to indemnify and hold and our subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors, agents, co-branders, partners, and employees harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorney's fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of your use of the content on this Web Site, or any content you submit, post, or transmit through this Web Site, your use of this Web Site, your connection to this Web site, your violation of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, or your violation of any rights of another.

Links/Software

Links from or to websites outside this Web Site are meant for convenience only. does not review, endorse, approve or control, and is not responsible for any sites linked from or to this Web Site, the content of those sites, the third parties named therein, or their products or services. Linking to any other site is at your sole risk and will not be responsible or liable for any damages in connection with linking. disclaims all warranties, express and implied as to the accuracy, validity and legality of any materials or information found on those sites. Links to downloadable software sites are for convenience only and is not responsible or liable for any difficulties or consequences associated with downloading the software. Use of any downloaded software is governed by the terms of the license agreement, if any, which accompanies or is provided with the software.

Availability of Our Web Site

This Web Site is generally available to users Twenty-four (24) hours per day, Seven (7) days per week, Three Hundred Sixty-five (365) days per year. However, retains the right to make our Web Site unavailable at any time, for any reason, and for any length of time. By using this Web Site you agree that will not be liable for any damage arising out of or related to any such interruption, suspension, or termination of this Web Site and/or the services or products contained therein. Upon acceptance of these terms and conditions of use authorizes you to view the Content on the Web Site solely for your personal use. The material on the Web Site is intended solely for individuals enquiring about products or services. If you are not accessing the Web Site for such purposes, you may not use the Web Site. For certainty, use by non-individuals or the agents, attorneys or representatives of non-individuals is prohibited.

**Information You Provide

Our collection and/or use of any information you provide while using or visiting this Web Site is governed by the Privacy Policy and this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement. By using this Web Site you grant us the rights contained therein. In using this Web Site you may not upload, distribute, or otherwise publish on this Web Site any information which may be viewed as obscene, defamatory, libelous, threatening, abusive, illegal, an invasion of privacy rights, or otherwise objectionable, or may constitute or encourage a violation of any law.

Except for that individually-identifiable information collected from you in accordance with our Privacy Policy, all comments, remarks, suggestions, ideas or other information communicated will become the exclusive property of and you grant to a royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, world-wide, non-exclusive license to use or reproduce the same. is free to copy, disclose, distribute or analyze any such information for any and all purposes and are in no way obligated to compensate you for any such information.

Disclaimer of Warranties

PROVIDES CONTENT ON THIS WEB SITE AS A SERVICE TO YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. THIS WEB SITE CANNOT AND DOES NOT, CONTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT ALL APPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS SOLD. IT MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION THAT IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OR YOUR USE OF PRODUCTS SOLD. THE CONTENT OF THIS WEB SITE, THE WEB SITE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE, AND THE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS PROVIDES ON THIS WEB SITE, ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR TECHNICAL FAILURES (INCLUDING HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE FAILURES), INCOMPLETE, SCRAMBLED OR DELAYED COMPUTER TRANSMISSIONS, AND/OR TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, AS WELL AS UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS OF USER TRANSMISSIONS BY THIRD PARTIES. FURTHER, DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT NO VIRUSES OR OTHER CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES WILL BE TRANSMITTED, OR THAT NO DAMAGE WILL OCCUR TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM. YOU HAVE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND BACKUP OF DATA AND/OR EQUIPMENT AND TO TAKE ALL PRECAUTIONS TO SCAN FOR COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES. BY YOUR USE OF THIS WEB SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SUCH USE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, INCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL NECESSARY SERVICING OR REPAIRS OF ANY EQUIPMENT YOU USE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WEB SITE.

TO THE FULL EXTENT NOT PRECLUDED BY APPLICABLE LAW THEIR MEDICAL ADVISORS, SUPPLIERS, CONSULTANTS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES DISCLAIM AND EXCLUDE ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ALL CONTENT, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. THIS DISCLAIMER INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. DOES NOT WARRANT THE CONTENT TO BE ACCURATE, COMPLETE OR CURRENT. DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THIS WEB SITE WILL OPERATE WITHOUT ERROR, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED OR THAT THIS WEB SITE OR THE WEB SITE SERVER MAKING IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. PRICE AND AVAILABILITY CONTENT, AS WELL AS OTHER CONTENT CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE OR ACCESSIBLE THEREFROM, IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT DOES NOT ENDORSE THE CONTENT OF ANY SITE ACCESSED VIA LINKS OR OTHER MEANS FROM THIS WEB SITE AND IT IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR SUCH CONTENT EVEN THOUGH IT MAY BE UNLAWFUL, HARASSING, LIBELOUS, PRIVACY INVADING, ABUSIVE, THREATENING, HARMFUL, OBSCENE, OR OTHERWISE OBJECTIONABLE, OR THAT IT INFRINGES OR MAY INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR OTHER RIGHTS OF ANOTHER PERSON.

THIS WEB SITE INCLUDES CONTENT PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES AND YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. IS A DISTRIBUTOR OF SUCH CONTENT AND NOT ITS PUBLISHER. EDITORIAL CONTROL OF SUCH CONTENT IS THE SAME AS THAT OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY OR NEWSSTAND. THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS MAY EXPRESS CERTAIN OPINIONS OR PROVIDE CERTAIN INFORMATION AND OFFERS. MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, OR RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION OR OFFERS SUPPLIED BY THIRD PARTIES. DOES NOT GUARANTEE OR WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY THIRD PARTY, INCLUDING ANY SUCH THIRD PARTY’S CONFORMANCE TO ANY LAW, RULE, REGULATION OR POLICY.

DOES NOT WARRANT THAT INFORMATION, SERVICES, AND PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE WILL SATISFY YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THEY ARE ERROR OR DEFECT-FREE. BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT YOU SHOULD CONFIRM ANY INFORMATION OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU ON THE PRODUCT PACKAGING. YOU ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, APPROPRIATENESS AND LEGALITY OF ANY INFORMATION YOU SUPPLY

AS PARTIAL CONSIDERATION FOR YOUR ACCESS TO THIS WEB SITE AND USE OF ITS CONTENT, YOU AGREE THAT IS NOT LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER FOR DECISIONS YOU MAY MAKE OR YOUR ACTIONS OR NON-ACTIONS IN RELIANCE UPON THE CONTENT. YOU ALSO AGREE THAT THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO YOUR USE AND ACCESS REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION OR CLAIM (FOR EXAMPLE, CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE, FRAUD, OR OTHER BASES FOR CLAIMS), IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY ITEMS YOU PURCHASED FROM IN THE APPLICABLE TRANSACTION. SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES EVEN IF HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL LOSES AND DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH THIS WEB SITE OR ITS CONTENT (INCLUDING TERMS OF USE), YOUR SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS WEB SITE. BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SUCH LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.

Your Agreement to Abide by All Applicable Laws

By using this Web Site you agree to comply with any and all local, state, or federal laws, statutes, and regulations that relate in any manner to the use of this Web Site and the associated services or products contained thereon.

Relationship between and Users.

and users of our Site are independent contractors, and no agency, partnership, employment or other relationship is created or is intended to be created by the use of our Web Site.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Web Site (excluding linked sites, if any) is administered and controlled by and its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees or agents from its offices in the accordance with the laws of Nevis. You agree that this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and this Web Site will be governed by and construed in accordance Nevis law without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. You access this Web Site and/or associated services of at your own risk, and remain responsible for complying with the laws of the jurisdiction within which you are located.

Prices; Payment Terms; Interest

The prices for the products and services on this Web Site are quoted, for convenience, in United States dollars and shall be as set forth in this Web Site as at the time of acceptance of an order by Prices for Products shall be subject to change without any further notice. Credit terms are within sole discretion, and unless otherwise specified in invoice, payment must be received by prior to acceptance of an order.

Consequences

reserves the right to suspend or terminate your account if you violate the Terms of Use Agreement. If your violation causes harm to others, you agree to indemnify and hold harmless from and against any and all loss, damage, or expense. If any dispute arises between us regarding this Agreement or your use of this Web Site, it shall be resolved through good faith negotiations between the parties.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any terms incorporated or referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between and you relating to your use of this Web Site and the subject matter hereof, and supersede any prior understandings or agreements (whether electronic, oral or written) regarding the subject matter, and may not be amended or modified except in writing, or by making such amendments or modifications in accordance with this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement.

Severability

If any part of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement is deemed or determined to be unenforceable, then such part shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent necessary. The remainder of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, including any revised portion, shall remain and be in full force and effect. This Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement are the entire agreement between us governing your use of this Web Site.

Headings

The headings contained in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the Privacy Policy are for reference only.

Force Majeure

shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performance caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, delays due to backorders of requested products, mail delays, customs delays or lost shipments. shall not be responsible to notify the Customer in the event of such delays. The Customer shall be solely responsible to make other arrangements to purchase alternative products and any costs incurred in connection with such purchases.

Thank you again for visiting the Web Site.

Complete Agreement

Except as expressly provided in a particular "legal notice" on this Site, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and this Site with respect to the use of this Site, and Content. By clicking “I agree” when placing your order, you agree with ALL OF OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS as stated above as well as our Shipping and refunds Policy.

Thank you for your cooperation.

Terms and Conditions of Purchase

Your Use of Our Web Site

Use of Information

DISCLAIMER:

Shipping address will be selected within Apple Pay. Any address entered in checkout will not be used.